Gas pycnometry measures the quantity of gas displaced by a sample. Helium is typically used, for its inertness and its rapid diffusion. An independent measurement of the weight of the sample gives the true density, also known as helium density, skeletal density(for porous materials), or particle density(for granular and powder materials).
For cellular foam materials, the gas pycnometry measurement technique can be adapted to quantify the open and closed-cell content of the material. These parameters are very important for many applications of cellular materials, because they affect the thermal, acoustic and absorption properties of the foam. Variable pressure measurements allow analysis of cell compressibility and cell fracture.
For powders and granular materials, the volume occupied by a given weight of product depends strongly on the degree of compaction. This bulk density is generally highly variable and depends on the history and storage conditions of the material. To obtain the Tapped Density or Tap Density the material is subjected to a mechanical treatment designed to give a reproducible degree of compaction.
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